E

Operations that loosen, remove, deposit, shape or compact earth, soil or rock. Also known as groundworks or civil works.

A legal right given to a person over the land of another person. An easement commonly involves the use of or access to the other person's land, such as a right of way over a neighbour's property, or a right of drainage. An easement generally passes with the land so that a new buyer of land will enjoy the benefit of any easements over neighbouring property, but will also be subject to the burden of any easements over the property it intends to buy.

Loss that is purely monetary or pecuniary which is suffered by a person, as distinct from property damage, personal injury or intangible form of losses such as diminished reputation. In a claim under tort, pure economic loss is generally not recoverable, subject to certain exceptions such as economic loss arising from the negligent misrepresentation of a consultant.

Emissions trading is a general term used for a market-based system that gives firms flexibility to select cost effective solutions to achieve established environmental goals. Emissions trading encourages compliance and financial mangers to pursue cost-effective emissions reduction strategies and provides incentives to emitters to develop ways to reduce emissions.

A form of insurance providing cover in respect of an employer's liability for loss or damage to an employee.

A situation where part of a neighbouring property encroaches onto an owner's land, including the air-space of that land, in the sense that it crosses over the common boundary.

A proprietary right held by one person that limits or affects the rights of enjoyment by a property owner over its property, and includes mortgages, trusts or liens.

An individual who belongs to the engineering profession. Common types of engineers are civil, structural, mechanical, electrical, chemical, environmental and geo-technical engineers.

In an EPC Contract the Contractor undertakes to engineer, procure, construct and commission a project from its inception to Final Completion. The Principal will provide the Contractor with a Design brief at the outset and will have a limited input into the project from then onwards. The Contractor is obliged to bring the project to such a stage of Practical Completion that  the Principal can immediately commence operation of the completed project. (See also Turnkey Contract)

An EPCM Contract is a sophisticated agency arrangement where the Contractor performs a level of engineering and then engages (as agent for the Principal) and manages equipment vendors, specialist Consultants and work package Contractors. This type of Contract is generally used for the construction or expansion of large scale heavy engineering facilities or manufacturing plants.